When we think about DNA testing in cattle, we often revert
to more complex testing like “GGP 50 or 100K” or “HD50K” and precise predictions
of progeny performance in the form of genomically enhanced expected progeny
differences (GE-EPD). What we often overlook is the fact that with every SNP
panel that is purchased for an animal, parentage information is included at no
additional cost. It’s one of the unsung heroes of genomic technology. Let’s
talk about why.
Did you know that on average 10% of parentage is misreported
to breed associations? Of course, this isn’t on purpose but rather a result of
animals being sired by cover bulls instead of AI sires and other such cases. Just
last year I had a parentage issue where a cow was AI’d and put in a pasture
with a cover bull after a short waiting period but ended up being bred by another
cover bull in between both exposures. Anything is possible.
For seedstock producers, a lot rests on the pedigree of an
animal. When you open a sale catalog, what is the first thing you see next to a
registration name and number? Pedigree. Surrounded by photos of related
animals. Without DNA, that parentage information is not verified. But incorrect
parentage doesn’t just impact their pedigree on paper. In the case of young,
unproven, sires with no progeny information or their own phenotype on file,
their EPDs are based solely off of the average of their reported sire and dam.
See for example the table below.
Table 1.
Example EPDs and how parent averages are calculated
|
|
BW
|
WW
|
YW
|
MARB
|
|
Sire
|
+1.0
|
+80
|
+130
|
+0.70
|
|
Dam
|
-1.0
|
+62
|
+100
|
+0.40
|
|
Progeny
|
0.0
|
+71
|
+115
|
+0.55
|
Therefore, if the parentage on that mating is incorrect, the
predictions of genetic merit would have little chance of being accurate. This
alone makes verifying parentage of utmost importance to any seedstock breeder
selling registered animals.
For seedstock and commercial producers, parentage also
provides additional information with which to make decisions off of. This is
especially true in the case of multisire pastures. Obtaining information on
which bulls sired which calves helps to identify things such as:
1.
Dominance issues within pastures and potential
need to reorganize or cull bulls not performing
2.
Bulls potentially causing calving difficulties
3.
Bulls siring the replacement heifers or steers
you like ‘best’
4.
Tracking genetic defects, should they arise
Most, if not all, genomic profiles available to both
seedstock and commercial producers today come with parentage verification,
likely at no additional cost, adding that much more value to the technology.
However, parentage verification on its own is oftentimes available for those
looking to try it out for the first time. In either case, it is worth
consideration to implement on your operation.
Note: Parentage verification is conducted by comparing
the DNA of animals to potential sires and dams reported to the entity conducting
the analysis. Based on the information available, animals are then ‘excluded’
as parents of said progeny or ‘qualified’.
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